身元調査あれこれ
身元調査とは、人に関する調査の総称であり、非常に範囲は広い。一般的によく知られる身辺調査、浮気調査、所在調査、家出人調査なども身元調査の範疇であり、結婚調査、採用調査(雇用調査)、会員調査、保証人調査、個人信用調査、尋ね人調査なども身元調査であり、極めて守備範囲は広い。
ところが使う人によって身元調査の概念は違う。例えば行政が発行する冊子やパンフなどにも身元及び身元調査の語句はよく出て来るが、語句の定義は定まっていないようで、非常に曖昧な使われ方をしている。また、運動団体が使用する場合でも定義はなさそうである。30年ほど前に大々的に展開された「身元調査お断り運動」など、その典型で、「身元調査お断り」の垂れ幕や看板が役所の玄関に堂々と置かれ、堺市などでは戸別にステッカーが貼られたりしていた。ところが、この身元調査がどの範囲の調査をさしているのかハッキリとせず、運動の当事者も今ひとつ明確では無かった様に思う。
以前、大阪府の労働部と「採用と人権」(労働部発行の企業向け啓発冊子)について話し合いをした事がある。その席で「採用と人権の中に身元調査の語句が頻繁にあり、ここで云う身元調査の定義を教えて欲しい」とお尋ねした事があるが、出席していた行政官の誰もが答える事が出来なかった、と云う事があった。
所謂、使う人、受け取る人によって身元調査の概念は違うのに、共通の概念を持っているのかの如く一般的に使われているのが、この身元調査と云う言葉である。
A background check is a generic term for an investigation into a person and is very broad in scope. Commonly known background checks, cheating checks, whereabouts checks, runaway checks, etc. are also within the scope of background checks, and marriage checks, recruitment checks (employment checks), membership checks, guarantor checks, personal credit checks, inquirer checks, etc. are also background checks and have a wide range of protection.
However, the concept of a background check is different for each person who uses it. For example, the words “background” and “background check” often appear in pamphlets and pamphlets issued by the government, but the definition of the words does not seem to be fixed and they are used in a very vague way. A typical example of this is the “No Background Check” campaign that was widespread about 30 years ago, where banners and signs proclaiming “No Background Check” were placed majestically at the entrance of government offices, and in cities like Sakai City, stickers were affixed to each door. However, it was not clear what the scope of the investigation was of this background check, and I think that the parties to the movement were not yet clear.
I once had a discussion with the Labor Department of Osaka Prefecture about “Recruitment and Human Rights” (an educational booklet for companies published by the Labor Department). At the meeting, I once asked him to give me the definition of a background check, which is frequently used in recruitment and human rights.
The term “background check” is commonly used as if it has a common concept even though the concept of a background check differs depending on who uses it and who receives it.